抚育间伐对落叶松云冷杉混交林的影响

以15块人工落叶松纯林演化后形成的落叶松云冷杉混交林为对象,间伐后12年观测结果,研究间伐对林分和树木生长、树种组成、物种多样性及土壤等因子的影响。间伐强度分为2级:中度(平均为20%)和强度(平均为30%)。结果表明:间伐促进了保留木生长的显著增加,但不同间伐强度间无显著差异。林分及单木的直径、断面积和蓄积生长率均表现相同的趋势即随间伐强度的增加而增加。但间伐没有显著地增加12年间的总收获量。伐后对照样地表现为较高的枯损,枯死木主要是落叶松和阔叶树。林分进界株数严重不足,进界的主要树种是云冷杉、阔叶树和红松,以耐荫树种为主。从枯损和进界看,如果能对红松和阔叶树进行保护,这种林分很可能逐渐演化为阔叶红松林。建议对红松和阔叶树进行保护,使林分向阔叶红松林方向发展。各林分的树种组成在12年间基本没有发生变化,即间伐没有显著地改变林分的树种组成,目前的树种组成即落叶松、其他针叶树(云杉、冷杉和红松)和阔叶树组成比约为6∶3∶1可能是相对稳定的群落。20%和30%的间伐强度没有显著地改变林分的物种多样性、灌草生物量和土壤物理性质,间伐样地的物种多样性略有提高;间伐样地的土壤物理性质有所改善,总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度都大于对照;林下灌草生物量有所增加。     

柏木混交林类型分布立地条件的研究

本项研究应用主成分排序方法研究四川盆地4种天然柏木混交林分布与立地条件的关系,结果表明:区域内影响柏木混交林类型分布的主导立地因子是地形、土层厚度、水湿状况、土壤碳酸钙含量、pH值等。桤柏混交林主要分布在山中下部平缓的台阶低洼地带,水湿条件较好,土层深厚的地方;栎柏混交林主要分布在山中上部干燥瘠薄的立地上,生产力低;桤栎柏混交林介于二者之间;松柏混交林要求土壤中碳酸钙含量低,土壤呈微酸性至中性反应。林下灌木树种分布与立地条件因子无明显规律性。     

The use of vegetable phytometers in the evaluation of the potential response of understorey crops to the aerial environment in an interculture system

Carrots, onions, radishes and peas, growing in pots were placed at various locations in a pear orchard and used as phytometers to characterise the aerial environment. The growth of plants growing beneath the orchard canopy was not significantly less than that of phytometers grown in the open. However, the bulb diameter of radish and onion was significantly reduced when growing immediately beneath pear trees. Radish was selected as a suitable phytometer for further research.     

外界生态因子对油茶品质影响的研究

对21个地区58个油茶物种(或优良品种)进行了含油率、脂肪酸组成、碘值和粗蛋白质等化学品质的分析。通过选取14个不同地区的普通油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)的品质与19个生态因子进行多元线性逐步回归分析,揭示了不饱和脂肪酸含量与纬度成明显的正相关;种仁蛋白质含量与8、9月份的降雨量呈负相关的趋势。品质之间的相关分析表明:不饱和脂肪酸含量与蛋白质含量存在明显的负相关关系;不同物种之间,其不饱和脂肪酸含量与果实的大小成负相关。     

泡桐属植物育种值预测方法的研究

分别用最佳线性无偏预测和最佳线性预测方法预测了泡桐属植物的育种值。结果表明，根据亲缘相关距阵对育种值的最佳线性无偏预测结果没有显著影响：数据量较大时，可用小区平均值取代单株值，同时也可用最佳线性预测代替最佳线性无偏预测方法预测育种值；预测育种值与真正育种值之间的相关系数与预测育种值之间的方法或误差方差存在极显著的相关关系，可用前者作预测育种值的精度指标。通过比较毛泡桐种源所预测育种值之间的方差和误差方差可以得出：在对研究材料评选时，最佳线性预测比最小平方估算法具有优越性，但当重复数大于5次，每个小区内的植株多于6时，这两种预测方法的精度非常接近。     

不同阔叶树种和不同混交林模式的林分生长状况初步研究

对不同阔叶树种和不同混交林模式的林分生长状况进行测定 ,结果表明 :不同阔叶树种的林分生长存在明显差异 ,表现为南酸枣 >马褂木 >杂种马褂木 >桤木 >观光木 >木荷。不同混交林模式的林分生长存在明显差异 ,以杜英刺楸混交林模式的生长状况最好 ;在 3种杉阔混交林模式中 ,桤木与杉木混交更有利于杉木的生长 ,种间关系更为协调     

The challenges of effective model scoping: A FLORES case study from the mafungautsi forest margins,Zimbabwe

This paper explores the challenge of defining the scope of a systems model, emphasising three aspects: boundary, granularity and conceptual scope. The significance of these is illustrated by reference to a model of land-use decisions made in villages bordering on the Mafungautsi forest in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this model was to help policy players (Forestry Commission staff, non-governmental organisations, researchers and local people) to understand the impact of policy interventions on local people’s livelihoods. Scoping decisions that were made in building the Mafungautsi model were deliberately liberal, to encompass the interests of all participants in the modelling process. These decisions now present a range of serious challenges: the difficulty of model calibration, the computational expense of running simulations, and the difficulty for new users to understand the model. Facilitators of modelling teams need to consider the serious implications of giving everyone what they want and including all participants’ ideas in a model. In the long run, it may be better to be tough and reject many suggestions at the outset. The former approach is unlikely to lead to a tractable model, while the latter may ultimately offer greater satisfaction for all. We are grateful to the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the European Community for financial support of this project. Thanks also to all of the ACM team who have contributed ideas on the process and content of the modelling work and who make it fun to undertake collaborative research. Thanks also to the participants in the Zimbabwe FLAC workshops for their input into the specification of the Mafungautsi model. Finally thanks to Robert Muetzelfeldt, Jasper Taylor, Jonathan Massheder, Fergus Sinclair and Jerry Vanclay for helping us to ride on the FLORES bandwagon.     

山西省太行山林业生态工程混交林建设探讨

建设稳定的林分是历代务林人所追求之目标,该文根据太行山区植被演替现存的稳定群落结构及近年来混交林建设的实践经验,提出了在太行山林业生态工程建设中混交林的营造模式及途径。     

人工-天然杉阔混交林种群生态位及竞争研究

对人工 -天然杉阔混交林中 4个主要种群进行生态位研究 ,定量测定混交林中主要种群生态位宽度、生态位相似比例、生态位重叠 ,并分析了各种群生态位的生态学意义 ;同时采用Lotka_Volterra竞争方程研究混交林中主要种群。结果表明 :通过定量的生态位分析 ,结果与自然规律相符合。平衡时 ,杉木和米槠相对优势度分别为87 4 5 %和 12 5 5 % ,即人工 -天然杉阔混交林仍将由杉木、米槠两种种群共优组成 ,杉木种群支配整个群落。     

天然林直径分布的线性表达及其应用

利用非线性函数的线性化方法,使传统的天然林直径分布的反"J"型曲线转化为直线形式,并探讨了直线参数变化的直观表现。通过对长白山天然林123个固定试验地林分直径分布的线性拟合,平均相关系数为0.98,表明天然林的直径分布线性化表达是可行的。可利用参数设计择伐株数和预估采伐前后的直径分布。参数在天然林择伐作业设计中可操作性强,研究结果可以为天然林经营,特别是为择伐作业提供依据。